Signs, causes and treatment
Cellulitis is a common bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissue. It usually develops when bacteria enter the skin through a break such as a cut, scratch, bite, ulcer, or cracked skin.
Although cellulitis can affect anyone, it is especially important to recognise early because it can spread quickly and become serious if left untreated.
What Is Cellulitis?
Cellulitis occurs when bacteria—most commonly streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria—enter the body through damaged skin.
The infection causes inflammation in the affected area, making the skin become:
- Red
- Warm or hot to touch
- Swollen
- Painful or tender
Cellulitis most commonly affects the:
- Lower legs
- Feet
- Arms
- Hands
- Face
However, it can develop anywhere on the body.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms often develop over hours or a few days.
Early symptoms
You may notice:
- A red patch of skin that gradually spreads
- Swelling
- Pain or tenderness
- Warmth in the affected area
- Tight or shiny skin
More serious symptoms
As the infection worsens, you may experience:
- Fever
- Chills or shivering
- Feeling generally unwell
- Fatigue or weakness
- Nausea
- Rapid heartbeat
Sometimes red streaks may appear moving away from the infected area, which can indicate the infection is spreading through the lymphatic system.
What Causes Cellulitis?
Cellulitis usually begins when bacteria enter through damaged skin.
Common entry points include:
- Cuts or grazes
- Insect bites
- Surgical wounds
- Skin ulcers
- Athlete’s foot
- Eczema or dry cracked skin
- Pressure sores
Even tiny breaks in the skin can allow bacteria in.
Who Is More at Risk?
Some people are more likely to develop cellulitis, including those with:
- Poor circulation
- Swelling in the legs (oedema)
- Diabetes
- Weakened immune systems
- Obesity
- Chronic skin conditions such as eczema
- Previous episodes of cellulitis
Type 2 Diabetes and poor lymphatic drainage can significantly increase risk.
When Should You Seek Medical Help?
Seek medical advice as soon as possible if you suspect cellulitis.
Contact a healthcare professional urgently if:
- Redness is spreading quickly
- Pain is worsening
- You develop a fever
- Swelling becomes severe
- You feel confused, dizzy, or faint
Call emergency services immediately if:
You experience:
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe drowsiness
- Blue or pale skin
- Rapid deterioration
- Signs of sepsis
Sepsis is a medical emergency.
How Is Cellulitis Diagnosed?
A healthcare professional will usually diagnose cellulitis by:
- Examining the skin
- Asking about symptoms
- Reviewing medical history
In more severe cases, they may arrange:
- Blood tests
- Swabs
- Ultrasound scans
These tests help rule out complications such as abscesses or deeper infection.
Treatment
Cellulitis is usually treated with antibiotics.
Common treatment includes:
- Oral antibiotics for mild cases
- Intravenous antibiotics for severe infections
- Pain relief
- Rest
- Elevation of the affected limb
Most people start improving within 24–48 hours of starting treatment.
It is important to:
- Complete the full course of antibiotics
- Rest the affected area
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Monitor for worsening symptoms
Self-Care During Recovery
To support healing:
Rest and elevate
Keeping the affected limb raised can reduce swelling.
Stay hydrated
Drinking water supports recovery.
Protect the skin
Avoid scratching or irritating the area.
Monitor changes
Take photos daily if helpful to track improvement.
Preventing Cellulitis
You can reduce the risk of cellulitis by caring for your skin.
Helpful steps include:
- Keep skin clean and moisturised
- Treat cuts promptly
- Cover wounds with clean dressings
- Treat fungal infections early
- Wear protective footwear outdoors
- Manage long-term swelling
Can Cellulitis Come Back?
Yes. Some people experience recurrent cellulitis.
Repeat infections are more likely if underlying problems such as swelling, skin damage, or poor circulation are not addressed.
If cellulitis keeps returning, a healthcare professional may investigate long-term prevention strategies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is cellulitis contagious?
No. Cellulitis itself usually does not spread from person to person through casual contact.
Can cellulitis go away on its own?
No. Cellulitis usually requires medical treatment and should not be ignored.
How long does recovery take?
Mild cases may improve in a few days, but full recovery can take several weeks depending on severity.
Final Thoughts
Cellulitis is a common but potentially serious infection. Early recognition and prompt treatment greatly reduce the risk of complications.
If you notice unexplained redness, swelling, warmth, or pain in the skin, seek medical advice promptly.
Important:
This page provides general information and should not replace professional medical advice. If you are concerned about symptoms, consult a qualified healthcare professional.